配置构建工具包

如果您使用 Buildx 创建docker-container或kubernetes构建器，则可以通过将标志传递给命令来应用自定义BuildKit 配置。--configdocker buildx create

注册表镜像

您可以定义用于您的构建的注册表镜像。这样做会重定向 BuildKit 以从不同的主机名提取映像。以下步骤举例说明将docker.io(Docker Hub)的镜像定义为mirror.gcr.io.

/etc/buildkitd.toml使用以下内容创建 TOML ：
debug = true [registry."docker.io"] mirrors = ["mirror.gcr.io"]
笔记
debug = true打开 BuildKit 守护程序中的调试请求，该守护程序会记录一条消息，显示何时使用镜像。

创建一个docker-container使用此 BuildKit 配置的构建器：

$ docker buildx create --use --bootstrap \
  --name mybuilder \
  --driver docker-container \
  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml

构建图像：

docker buildx build --load . -f - <<EOF
FROM alpine
RUN echo "hello world"
EOF

该构建器的 BuildKit 日志现在显示它使用 GCR 镜像。您可以通过以下事实看出响应消息包含x-goog-*HTTP 标头。

$ docker logs buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0

...
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="do request" request.header.accept="application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json, */*" request.header.user-agent=containerd/1.5.8+unknown request.method=GET spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=1356 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=1469 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:25:17 GMT" response.header.etag="\"774380abda8f4eae9a149e5d5d3efc83\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:25:17 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:57 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788077652182 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=V3DSrg==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=d0OAq9qPTq6aFJ5dXT78gw==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=1469 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycduqQipVAXc3tzXmTzKQ2gTT6CV736B2J628smtD1iDytEyiYCgvvdD8zz9BT1J1sASUq9pW_ctUyC4B-v2jvhIxnZTlKg response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=760 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=1471 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:35:13 GMT" response.header.etag="\"35d688bd15327daafcdb4d4395e616a8\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:35:13 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:12 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788032100793 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=aWgRjA==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=NdaIvRUyfar8201DleYWqA==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=1471 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycdtR-gJYwC7yHquIkJWFFG8FovDySvtmRnZBqlO3yVDanBXh_VqKYt400yhuf0XbQ3ZMB9IZV2vlcyHezn_Pu3a1SMMtiw response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg=fetch spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="do request" request.header.accept="application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip, */*" request.header.user-agent=containerd/1.5.8+unknown request.method=GET spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
time="2022-02-06T17:47:48Z" level=debug msg="fetch response received" response.header.accept-ranges=bytes response.header.age=1356 response.header.alt-svc="h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=\":443\"; ma=2592000,quic=\":443\"; ma=2592000; v=\"46,43\"" response.header.cache-control="public, max-age=3600" response.header.content-length=2818413 response.header.content-type=application/octet-stream response.header.date="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 17:25:17 GMT" response.header.etag="\"1d55e7be5a77c4a908ad11bc33ebea1c\"" response.header.expires="Sun, 06 Feb 2022 18:25:17 GMT" response.header.last-modified="Wed, 24 Nov 2021 21:07:06 GMT" response.header.server=UploadServer response.header.x-goog-generation=1637788026431708 response.header.x-goog-hash="crc32c=ZojF+g==" response.header.x-goog-hash.1="md5=HVXnvlp3xKkIrRG8M+vqHA==" response.header.x-goog-metageneration=1 response.header.x-goog-storage-class=STANDARD response.header.x-goog-stored-content-encoding=identity response.header.x-goog-stored-content-length=2818413 response.header.x-guploader-uploadid=ADPycdsebqxiTBJqZ0bv9zBigjFxgQydD2ESZSkKchpE0ILlN9Ibko3C5r4fJTJ4UR9ddp-UBd-2v_4eRpZ8Yo2llW_j4k8WhQ response.status="200 OK" spanID=9460e5b6e64cec91 traceID=b162d3040ddf86d6614e79c66a01a577
...

设置注册表证书

如果您在 BuildKit 配置中指定注册表证书，守护程序会将文件复制到/etc/buildkit/certs.以下步骤显示将自签名注册表证书添加到 BuildKit 配置中。

添加以下配置/etc/buildkitd.toml：

# /etc/buildkitd.toml
debug = true
[registry."myregistry.com"]
  ca=["/etc/certs/myregistry.pem"]
  [[registry."myregistry.com".keypair]]
    key="/etc/certs/myregistry_key.pem"
    cert="/etc/certs/myregistry_cert.pem"

myregistry.com这告诉构建器使用指定位置 ( ) 中的证书将映像推送到注册表/etc/certs。

创建一个docker-container使用此配置的构建器：

$ docker buildx create --use --bootstrap \
  --name mybuilder \
  --driver docker-container \
  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml

检查构建器的配置文件（/etc/buildkit/buildkitd.toml），它显示证书配置现已在构建器中配置。

$ docker exec -it buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 cat /etc/buildkit/buildkitd.toml

debug = true

[registry]

  [registry."myregistry.com"]
    ca = ["/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry.pem"]

    [[registry."myregistry.com".keypair]]
      cert = "/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry_cert.pem"
      key = "/etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/myregistry_key.pem"

验证证书是否位于容器内：

$ docker exec -it buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 ls /etc/buildkit/certs/myregistry.com/
myregistry.pem    myregistry_cert.pem   myregistry_key.pem

现在您可以使用此构建器推送到注册表，它将使用证书进行身份验证：

$ docker buildx build --push --tag myregistry.com/myimage:latest .

CNI网络

构建器的 CNI 网络对于处理并发构建期间的网络端口争用非常有用。 CNI 在默认的 BuildKit 镜像中尚不可用。但您可以创建自己的包含 CNI 支持的映像。

以下 Dockerfile 示例显示了具有 CNI 支持的自定义 BuildKit 映像。它以 BuildKit 中的CNI 配置进行集成测试为例。请随意添加您自己的 CNI 配置。

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1

ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION=v0.13.1
ARG CNI_VERSION=v1.0.1

FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM alpine AS cni-plugins
RUN apk add --no-cache curl
ARG CNI_VERSION
ARG TARGETOS
ARG TARGETARCH
WORKDIR /opt/cni/bin
RUN curl -Ls https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/$CNI_VERSION/cni-plugins-$TARGETOS-$TARGETARCH-$CNI_VERSION.tgz | tar xzv

FROM moby/buildkit:${BUILDKIT_VERSION}
ARG BUILDKIT_VERSION
RUN apk add --no-cache iptables
COPY --from=cni-plugins /opt/cni/bin /opt/cni/bin
ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moby/buildkit/${BUILDKIT_VERSION}/hack/fixtures/cni.json /etc/buildkit/cni.json

现在您可以构建此映像，并使用以下--driver-opt image选项从中创建一个构建器实例：

$ docker buildx build --tag buildkit-cni:local --load .
$ docker buildx create --use --bootstrap \
  --name mybuilder \
  --driver docker-container \
  --driver-opt "image=buildkit-cni:local" \
  --buildkitd-flags "--oci-worker-net=cni"

资源限制

最大并行度

您可以在使用flags 创建构建器时使用BuildKit 配置来限制 BuildKit 求解器的并行性，这对于低功率机器特别有用。--config

# /etc/buildkitd.toml
[worker.oci]
  max-parallelism = 4

现在您可以创建一个docker-container构建器，它将使用此 BuildKit 配置来限制并行性。

$ docker buildx create --use \
  --name mybuilder \
  --driver docker-container \
  --config /etc/buildkitd.toml

TCP连接数限制

每个注册表的 TCP 连接数限制为 4 个同时连接，用于拉取和推送映像，另外还有一个专用于元数据请求的连接。此连接限制可防止您的构建在拉取图像时陷入困境。专用元数据连接有助于减少总体构建时间。

更多信息： moby/buildkit#2259